Quinoa as a multifunctional crop: Therapeutic applications and formulation potential
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v10i4.293Keywords:
Quinoa, Bioactive, Phytochemicals, Novel Approaches, Vegetarian Diet, Micelles, NanoparticlesAbstract
Quinoa, the antient crop used by the Andean and Inca civilizations, contains a diverse blend of bioactive phytochemicals that have found roles in the mitigation or treatment for a multitude of diseases such as hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, multiple types of cancer, celiac disease, diabetes mellitus, anemia, fatty liver disease, osteoporosis, celiac disease, diabetes mellitus, microbial infections, dysbiosis, hyperthyroidism, and ulcerative colitis. Being rich in macro- and micro- nutrients, it is used in a variety of culinary dishes including cereals, Indian kheer, Egyptian kishk, soups, cereals, and many bakery items including bread, cupcakes, and cookies. It is also an effective alternative for patients that cannot digest gluten or individuals on vegetarian diet. Quinoa can be cultivated in harsh environments due to its tolerance to abiotic stresses such as high heat temperature, high salt content in soil, low water conditions, and presence of heavy metals in soil. Novel approaches for using quinoa include treating water contaminated with heavy metals like chromium, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, lead, and wastewater treatment. It has been used to prepare biodegradable films for food packaging, ready-to-eat protein hydrolysates, functional foods and drug delivery systems like composite micelles, microspheres, and nanoparticles. Quinoa can prevent the rancidity of lipids and microbial contamination in packaged food. In future, study on the genetic variants of quinoa, further expansion into its natural constituents, and research or clinical trials for treatment of many diseases can be done.
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