Potential effect of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel seeds) in obesity and weight management - An overview
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v10i3.276Keywords:
Fennel Seeds, Bioactive Ingredients, Anti-oxidation, Anti-inflammation, MetabolismAbstract
Obesity, a metabolic health concern owing to fat deposition, results in development of various chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Observing this, nutraceuticals have gained popularity in effectively managing and reducing obesity. Nutraceutical like Foeniculum vulgare (fennel seeds) enriched with bioactive ingredients offer the best anti-obesity means. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide an overview of the metabolic pathways tailed by fennel seeds which eventually reduce obesity and regulate weight gain. Also to observe gaps in past studies regarding foeniculum vulgare anti-obesity effect. For this, recent research articles delivering information about the fennel seeds and their impact on obesity were considered. Mainly, glucose metabolism pathway tailed regarding fennel seeds is extensively studied, showing insulin receptor signalling, coupled with pancreatic β-cell upregulation, ensuring enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced gluconeogenic enzymes regulation. Additionally, lipid metabolism illuminating the inhibition of specific lipid enzymes and fatty acid oxidation reducing serum low density lipoprotein, triglyceride and increasing serum high density lipoprotein levels were studied. Leptin receptor modulation with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory property mitigate obesity and its related syndromes. Despite the known mechanisms, investigation reporting human trails is still required revealing the synergistic effect of fennel seed with other phytochemicals.
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Barakat H, Alkabeer IA, Aljutaily T, Almujaydil MS, Algheshairy RM, Alhomaid RM, Almutairi AS, Mohamed A. Phenolics and volatile compounds of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds and their sprouts prevent oxidative DNA damage and ameliorate CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Antioxidants. 2022 Nov 23;11(12):2318.
Šunić L, Ilić ZS, Stanojević L, Milenković L, Stanojević J, Kovač R, Milenković A, Cvetković D. Comparison of the essential oil content, constituents and antioxidant activity from different plant parts during development stages of wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Horticulturae. 2023 Mar 10;9(3):364.
Shruthy R, Preetha R. PVA–nano cellulose active packaging films with clay nano particles and fennel seed essential oil for enhanced thermal, barrier, antimicrobial, antioxidant and biodegradation properties to improve the shelf life of tofu. Sustainable Food Technology. 2025;3(2):492-506.
Alapala S, Karafakioğlu YS, Sezer S, Karabağ F. Effects of Adding Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) In Rations on Fattening Performance and Blood Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Rams. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2024 Dec 1;8(4):842-9.
Milenković A, Ilić Z, Stanojević L, Milenković L, Šunić L, Lalević D, Stanojević J, Danilović B, Cvetković D. Essential oil yield, composition, antioxidant and microbial activity of wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) from Monte Negro Coast. Horticulturae. 2022 Nov 1;8(11):1015.
Korinek M, Handoussa H, Tsai YH, Chen YY, Chen MH, Chiou ZW, Fang Y, Chang FR, Yen CH, Hsieh CF, Chen BH. Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial volatile oils: fennel and cumin inhibit neutrophilic inflammation via regulating calcium and MAPKs. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2021 Oct 11; 12:1-20.
Setyawati P, Abdul A, Ariastuti R. Anti Inflammatory Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Fennel Leaves and Fruits (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) In Wistar Rats. Journal of Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicine.2020;3(2):1-9.
Lee HS, Kang P, Kim KY, Seol GH. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through ERK-dependent NF-κB activation. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015 Mar 30;19(2):183-9.
Cherbal A, Bouabdallah M, Benhalla M, Hireche S, Desdous R. Phytochemical screening, phenolic content, and anti-inflammatory effect of Foeniculum vulgare seed extract. Preventive nutrition and food science. 2023 Jun 30;28(2):141-8.
Abd El-Rhman A, Megahd HE. Fennel Seeds (Foeniculum Vulgare M.) and Khellah Seeds (Ammi Visnaga L.) Downregulate KIM-1 and NFAT-5 Genes Expression in LPS-Induced Nephrosis. 2022 Nov;62(09):4837-4853.
