Comparative studies on biochemical, antioxidants and yield characters on salt-resistant and salt-sensitive pea genotypes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v10i1.246Keywords:
Pea, Genotype, Biochemical, Antioxidants and YieldAbstract
Salinity is a vibrant environmental dynamic that has a detrimental impact on crop productivity. This experiment was initiated to compare the biochemical, antioxidant, and yield attributes of salt-resistant and sensitive pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes under saline environments. Four pea genotypes were cultivated in a two-factorial pot experiment based on completely randomized design and exposed to four distinct levels of salinity; control, 2.5, 5.0, 7.0, and 10 dS m-1 NaCl, MgSO4, CaCl2, and Na2SO4 in order to study the salt sensitivity of pea. The findings demonstrated that under salt stress, pea production and growth decreased. With applied salt stress, both genotypes displayed notable genetic variation. In terms of biochemical, antioxidant, and yield attributes, the salt-tolerant genotype of pea namely samrena zard unmistakably demonstrated the best results in comparison to the rest of the tested genotypes. The following enzymatic, biochemical, and yield-related traits of the tested pea genotypes showed a substantial difference: two genotypes were found and exposed to salt stress: one was salt-sensitive (ambasidar) and the other was salt-tolerant (samrena zard).
References
Azmat MA, Nawab NN, Niaz S, Rashid A, Mahmood K, Khan AA, Khan SH. A single recessive gene controls powdery mildew resistance in pea. International journal of vegetable science. 2010 Jun 9;16(3):278-286.
Naeem S, Ahmad S, Hassan M, Adil M, Younis MA, Azeem M, Ibrahim M. Role of pollinators in pea (Pisum sativum) yield at Peshawar valley. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 2018;6(2):1280-1282.
Muneer F, Johansson E, Hedenqvist MS, Plivelic TS, Markedal KE, Petersen IL, Sørensen JC, Kuktaite R. The impact of newly produced protein and dietary fiber rich fractions of yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) on the structure and mechanical properties of pasta-like sheets. Food Research International. 2018 Apr 1;106: 607-618.
Siringam K, Juntawong N, Cha-Um S, Boriboonkaset T, Kirdmanee C. Salt tolerance enhancement in indica rice ('Oryza sativa'L. spp. Indica) seedlings using exogenous sucrose supplementation. Plant Omics. 2012 Jan;5(1):52-59.
Qin Y, Druzhinina IS, Pan X, Yuan Z. Microbially mediated plant salt tolerance and microbiome-based solutions for saline agriculture. Biotechnology Advances. 2016 Nov 15;34(7):1245-1259.
Cuartero J, Bolarin MC, Asins MJ, Moreno V. Increasing salt tolerance in the tomato. Journal of experimental botany. 2006 Mar 1;57(5):1045-1058.
Kaveh H, Nemati H, Farsi M, Jartoodeh SV. How salinity affects germination and the emergence of tomato lines. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences. 2011;5(15).
Singh J, Singh M, Jain A, Bhardwaj S, Singh A, Singh DK, Bhushan B, Dubey SK. An introduction of plant nutrients and foliar fertilization: a review. Precision farming: a new approach, New Delhi: Daya Publishing Company. 2013:252-320.
Khafagy MA, Arafa AA, El-Banna MF. Glycinebetaine and ascorbic acid can alleviate the harmful effects of NaCl salinity in sweet pepper. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2009 Jan 1;3(5):257-267.
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi NS, Fujita DB, Basra SM. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms, and management. Sustainable agriculture. 2009:153-188.
Hoque MA, Banu MN, Okuma E, Amako K, Nakamura Y, Shimoishi Y, Murata Y. Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase NaCl-induced ascorbate–glutathione cycle enzyme activities, and proline improves salt tolerance more than glycinebetaine in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension-cultured cells. Journal of plant physiology. 2007 Nov 9;164(11):1457-1468.
Mahboob W, Khan MA, Shirazi MU. Induction of salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings through exogenous application of proline. Pak. J. Bot. 2016 Jun 1;48(3):861-867.
Abbas W, Ashraf M, Akram NA. Alleviation of salt-induced adverse effects in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by glycinebetaine and sugarbeet extracts. Scientia horticulturae. 2010 Jun 28;125(3):188-195.
Arafa AA, Khafagy MA, El-Banna MF. The effect of glycinebetaine or ascorbic acid on grain germination and leaf structure of sorghum plants grown under salinity stress. Australian journal of crop science. 2009 Jan 1;3(5):294-304.
Molassiotis AN, Sotiropoulos T, Tanou G, Kofidis G, Diamantidis G, Therios E. Antioxidant and anatomical responses in shoot culture of the apple rootstock MM 106 treated with NaCl, KCl, mannitol or sorbitol. Biologia Plantarum. 2006 Sep; 50:331-338.
Ashraf M, Athar HR, Harris PJ, Kwon TR. Some prospective strategies for improving crop salt tolerance. Advances in agronomy. 2008 Jan 1;97: 45-110.
Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Gollery M, Van Breusegem F. Questions and future challenges. Trends in Plant Science. 2004;10(9):490-498.
Ashraf MJ. Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnology advances. 2009 Jan 1;27(1):84-93.
Hoagland DR, and Arnon DI. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 1950; 347.
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and soil. 1973 Aug; 39:205-207.
Grieve CM, Grattan SR. Rapid assay for determination of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Plant and soil. 1983 Jun; 70:303-307.
Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK. Superoxide dismutases: I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant physiology. 1977 Feb 1;59(2):309-314.
Chance B, Maehly AC. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. U: Colowick SP, Kaplan NO (ur.) Methods in Enzymology. (1955): 764-775.
Kakar N, Jumaa SH, Redoña ED, Warburton ML, Reddy KR. Evaluating rice for salinity using pot-culture provides a systematic tolerance assessment at the seedling stage. Rice. 2019 Dec;12:1-4.
Sikder RK, Wang X, Jin D, Zhang H, Gui H, Dong Q, Pang N, Zhang X, Song M. Screening and evaluation of reliable traits of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes for salt tolerance at the seedling growth stage. Journal of Cotton Research. 2020 Dec;3:1-3.
Ahmad J, Wang H, Song J, Nuerawuti M, Zhang X, Yang W, Ma L, Li XX. the tolerance of an extensive collection of garlic (allium sativum l.) germplasms to salt stress–a sustainable solution to salt stress. applied ecology & environmental research. 2021 jun 1;19(3).
Khan MH, Singha KL, Panda SK (2002). Changes in antioxidant levels in Oryza sativa L. roots subjected to NaCl salinity stress. Acta Physiol. Plant. 24(2): 145-148.
Park EJ, Jeknic Z, Chen TH. The exogenous application of glycine betaine increases chilling tolerance in tomato plants. Plant and cell physiology. 2006 Jun 1;47(6):706-714.
Moghaieb RE, Saneoka H, Fujita K. Effect of salinity on osmotic adjustment, glycinebetaine accumulation and the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression in two halophytic plants, Salicornia europaea, and Suaeda maritima. Plant science. 2004 May 1;166(5):1345-1349.
Pagter M, Bragato C, Malagoli M, Brix H. Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl and Na2SO4 salinity on Phragmites australis. Aquatic Botany. 2009 Jan 1;90(1):43-51.
Heidari M, Nucleic acid metabolism, proline concentration and antioxidants enzyme activity in canola (Brassica nupus L.) under salinity stress. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2010 Apr 1;9(4):504-511.
Hajlaoui H, El Ayeb N, Garrec JP, Denden M. Differential effects of salt stress on osmotic adjustment and solutes allocation on the basis of root and leaf tissue senescence of two silage maize (Zea mays L.) varieties. Industrial Crops and Products. 2010 Jan 1;31(1):122-130.
Ozturk L, Demir Y, Unlukara A, Karatas I, Kurunc A, Duzdemir O. Effects of long-term salt stress on antioxidant system, chlorophyll and proline contents in pea leaves. Romanian Biotechnological Letters. 2012 May 1;17(3):7227-7236.
Shahid MA, Sarkhosh A, Khan N, Balal RM, Ali S, Rossi L, Gómez C, Mattson N, Nasim W, Garcia-Sanchez F. Insights into the physiological and biochemical impacts of salt stress on plant growth and development. Agronomy. 2020 Jun 30;10(7):938.
Joseph EA, Mohanan KV, Radhakrishnan VV. Effect of salinity variation on the quantity of antioxidant enzymes in some rice cultivars of North Kerala, India. Univers J Agric Res. 2015;3: 89-105.
Shahid MA, Pervez MA, Balal RM, Mattson NS, Rashid A, Ahmad R, Ayyub CM, Abbas T. Brassinosteroid (24-epibrassinolide) enhances growth and alleviates the deleterious effects induced by salt stress in pea ('Pisum sativum'L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2011 May 1;5(5):500-510.
Khan N, Bano A, Ali S, Babar MA. Crosstalk amongst phytohormones from planta and PGPR under biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant Growth Regul. 2020, 90, 189-203.
Abbas T, Balal RM, Shahid MA, Pervez MA, Ayyub CM, Aqueel MA, Javaid MM. Silicon-induced alleviation of NaCl toxicity in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is associated with enhanced photosynthesis, osmoprotectants, and antioxidant metabolism. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2015 Feb; 37:1-5.
Ahmad P, Ahanger MA, Alam P,
Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Ali S, Ashraf M. Silicon (Si) supplementation alleviates NaCl toxicity in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] through the modifications of physio-biochemical attributes and key antioxidant enzymes. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2019 Mar 15; 38:70-82.
Howladar SM. A novel Moringa oleifera leaf extract can mitigate the stress effects of salinity and cadmium in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2014 Feb 1;100: 69-75.
Ahmed NA, Ahmad RA. Salt stress responses of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) on growth, yield and some biochemical attributes. Pak. J. Bot. 2016;48(4):1353-1360.
Qados AM, Effect of arginine on growth, nutrient composition, yield and nutritional value of mung bean plants grown under salinity stress. Nature. 2010;8: 30-42.