Women's urinary incontinence epidemiology and effects: A cross-sectional study at Type D Hospital in Khanpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v10i1.244Keywords:
Urinary Incontinence (UI), Leakage Frequency and Duration, Impact on Quality of Life, Stress Incontinence, Women's HealthAbstract
Investigating the incidence of urine incontinence in females who attend a Type D hospital in Khanpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, is the aim of this study. 450 women who were at least 15 years old participated in this cross-sectional survey. Information was gathered about the types and prevalence of UI, how it affects many facets of everyday living, and how much, how often, and how long leaks occur. The study also looked at the correlation between UI and several demographic variables, including age, parity, and marital age. UI was significantly prevalent among research participants, with 15% expressing substantial effects on their everyday lives and 56.9% reporting moderate impacts. According to the survey, 46.4% of women stated that UI had a considerable influence on their cleanliness, while 53.6% reported that it had a minor impact on their home lives. It has been depicted in the current study that 36.2% and 49.1% of women in work and social life have reported minor and significant effects, respectively. A significant portion of women (38.4%) had UI for 7 months to 1 year, but the majority (40.4%) had UI for 2–5 years. Leakage problems were faced by 44% of women one time a day, and 48.2% of women reported more than 2 times a day. The majority of women reported a high percentage (88.2%) and small quantities of leakage (90.7%). In Khanpur, UI is a common and significant disorder that affects women in many facets of their lives. The results show that effectively managing UI will improve the quality of life for impacted women, there is a need for greater awareness, education, and customized interventions. To investigate the obstacles to obtaining medical assistance and to create plans for lessening the stigma attached to UI, more research is required.
References
Singh U, Agarwal P, Verma ML, Dalela D, Singh N, Shankhwar P. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in Indian women: A hospital-based survey. Indian J Urol. 2013 Jan;29(1):31-36.
Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary incontinence in women. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2017 Jul 6;3(1):1-20.
Altman, D., Cartwright, R., Lapitan, M. C., Milsom, I., Nelson, R., Sjöström , S., & Tikkinen, K. A. O. (2017). Epidemiology of urinary incontinence (UI) and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and anal incontinence (AI). In P. Abrams, L. Cardozo, A. Wagg, & A. J. Wein (Eds.), Incontinence: 6th International Consultation on Incontinence, Tokyo. International Continence Society. Sep 2016: 1-141.
Rincón Ardila O. Caracterización clínica de la incontinencia urinaria y factores asociados en usuarias de la Unidad de la Mujer del Centro de Salud Familiar Ultraestación en la ciudad de Chillán, Chile. Revista médica de Chile. 2015 Feb;143(2):203-212.
Welk B, Baverstock RJ. The management of mixed urinary incontinence in women. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jun;11(6Suppl2):S121-S124.
Shang X, Fu Y, Jin X, Wang C, Wang P, Guo P, Wang Y, Yan S. Association of overweight, obesity and risk of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older women: a meta epidemiology study. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2023 Oct 10;14:1220551.
Güler Sönmez T, Uğraş E, Gül Şahin E, Fidanci I, Aksoy H, Ayhan Başer D. The prevalence of incontinence and its impact on quality of life. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Dec 27;103(52):e41108.
Imamura M, Williams K, Wells M, McGrother C. Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Dec 2;2015(12).
Shearon TL, Alexander JL. Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study. OTJR (Thorofare N J). 2025 Jan;45(1):105-112.
Dumoulin C, Cacciari LP, Hay-Smith EJC. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 4;10(10):CD005654.
Gascón MRP, Mellão MA, Mello SH, Negrão RM, Casseb J, Oliveira ACP. The impact of urinary incontinence on the quality of life and the sexuality of patients with HAM/TSP. Braz J Infect Dis. 2018 Jul-Aug;22(4):288-293.
Garg P, Goyal LD, Goyal S, Verma M. Utility of opportunistic screening to assess the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life and barriers to seeking treatment among women attending a tertiary healthcare center in North India. BMC Urol. 2024 Mar 2;24(1):50.
Sensoy N, Dogan N, Ozek B, Karaaslan L. Urinary incontinence in women: prevalence rates, risk factors and impact on quality of life. Pak J Med Sci. 2013 May;29(3):818-22.
Lukacz ES, Santiago-Lastra Y, Albo ME, Brubaker L. Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Review. JAMA. 2017 Oct 24;318(16):1592-1604.
Ghoniem G, Stanford E, Kenton K, Achtari C, Goldberg R, Mascarenhas T, Parekh M, Tamussino K, Tosson S, Lose G, Petri E. Evaluation and outcome measures in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence: International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) guidelines for research and clinical practice. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008 Jan;19(1):5-33.
Moossdorff-Steinhauser HF, Berghmans BC, Spaanderman ME, Bols EM. Prevalence, incidence and bothersomeness of urinary incontinence between 6 weeks and 1 year post-partum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International urogynecology journal. 2021 Jul;32(7):1675-1693.
Debus G, Kästner R. Psychosomatic Aspects of Urinary Incontinence in Women. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2015 Feb;75(2):165-169.
Corrado B, Giardulli B, Polito F, Aprea S, Lanzano M, Dodaro C. The Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Metropolitan City of Naples. Geriatrics (Basel). 2020 Nov 20;5(4):96.
Lagro-Janssen T, van Weel C. Long-term effect of treatment of female incontinence in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 1998 Nov;48(436):1735-1738.
AlQuaiz AM, Kazi A, AlYousefi N, Alwatban L, AlHabib Y, Turkistani I. Urinary Incontinence Affects the Quality of Life and Increases Psychological Distress and Low Self-Esteem. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jun 15;11(12):1772.
Steenstrup B, Lopes F, Cornu JN, Gilliaux M. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and urge urinary incontinence in women. A systematic review. International Urogynecology Journal. 2022 May 1:1-1.
Gandi C, Sacco E. Pharmacological Management of Urinary Incontinence: Current and Emerging Treatment. Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 25;13:209-223.
Lamerton TJ, Mielke GI, Brown WJ. Urinary incontinence in young women: Risk factors, management strategies, help-seeking behavior, and perceptions about bladder control. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020 Nov;39(8):2284-2292.
Nitti VW. The prevalence of urinary incontinence. Rev Urol. 2001;3 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S2-6.
