The future of gene discovery and molecular marker development for rust resistance in wheat

Abstract

Wheat rust diseases, caused by the pathogens Puccinia graminis (stem rust), Puccinia triticina (leaf rust), and Puccinia striiformis (stripe rust), have been among the most devastating threats to wheat production worldwide. These diseases can cause significant yield losses, with global impacts on food security. The frequent emergence of new virulent strains of the rust pathogens, exacerbated by climate change and the expansion of monoculture wheat farming, makes the control of these diseases increasingly challenging. Traditional control methods, such as the use of chemical fungicides, are not only expensive but also environmentally unsustainable. Consequently, there has been a strong emphasis on developing wheat varieties with durable genetic resistance, and this is where gene discovery and molecular marker technologies play a pivotal role. The future of wheat breeding for rust resistance relies on expanding our understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underpin resistance to these pathogens, as well as the development and application of molecular markers that can accelerate breeding programs. In this context, gene discovery and marker-assisted selection (MAS) are essential tools that can revolutionize how wheat is bred for enhanced resistance to rust diseases.