Risk factors associated with senile cataract causes blindness and management practices in humans: An overview

Yasir Nawaz; Sohail Ahmad; Saba Munir; Fouzia Tanvir; Aqeela Nawaz; Muhammad Zaman; Moazzam Ali; Muhammad Tariq Shafi; Muhammad Tariq Shafi

doi:10.53992/njns.v9i4.227

Authors

Yasir Nawaz Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Sohail Ahmad College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Saba Munir Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Fouzia Tanvir Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Aqeela Nawaz Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Muhammad Zaman Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Moazzam Ali College of Pharmacy, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Muhammad Tariq Shafi Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Muhammad Tariq Shafi Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v9i4.227

Keywords:

Pulverulent, Surgery, IOL, UV, Cataract, Diabetes, Diarrhea, Smoking, Lens, Risk factors, Education

Abstract

Cataract is a condition in which lens visualization decreases. In Pulverulent cataract nuclear opaqueness varies among individuals. Blue dot cataract is non-hereditary and extends in earlier stage. Ralliform is an unusual type, like corals, show finger like projections. In severe cataract, methionine, about 60% or more have been originated in membrane in form of methionine sulfoxide and ionine sulfone. Cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts are strongly associated with the environment, for example, UV exposures, diabetes, and use of medicines. Nuclear cataract is linked with smoking. In normal and cataractous lens, oxidation of methionine and cysteine was described. Cataract is caused by different abnormalities during development, metabolic disorders, and variations by taking drugs and trauma. Age is the main factor contributing to cataract in developed countries. Education, blood pressure, sex, tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, nutrition, UV exposure, diarrhea, diabetes and some medications are some age-related factors. Cataract increases as the age progresses. Light and oxygen is vital to regulate functions of eye. The only cure is the removal of lens by surgery. Globally, intraocular lens (IOL) surgery is used. Cataracts threat can be reduced by avoiding smoking and limiting exposure to UV-B radiations. It is concluded that some risk factors in cataract includes education, blood pressure, sex, tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, nutrition, UV radiations exposure, diarrhea, diabetes and medications. There is no an effective treatment for cataract. Currently, lens surgery is the main treatment included (IOL).

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